The teacher plays a short audio clip describing light passing through a prism. Students are invited to map out the "Chain of Causes" orally:

• Cause: .......................

• Process: .......................

• Effect: .......................

The teacher writes an outline on the board while students contribute sentences based on their discussion:

Section: General Statement

• Teacher: "How should we start this so it sounds like a scientific explanation?"

• Student: ..................................

• Result: "A rainbow is a spectacular optical phenomenon that appears in the sky when light interacts with water droplets in the atmosphere."

Section: Sequenced Explanation (Cause and Effect)

• Teacher: "What is the first step?"

• Student: ..................................

• Teacher: "Good. Let’s use the technical term refraction."

• Result: "The process begins when sunlight enters a raindrop. As the light moves from the air into the denser water, it slows down and bends, a process known as refraction."

Section: Causal Connectives

• Teacher: "Now, use a connective like Consequently to explain the colors."

• Student: ..................................

• Result: "The light is then reflected off the back of the droplet. Consequently, as the light exits the raindrop, it is refracted again at different angles, separating the white light into a spectrum of colors."

The students and teacher review the draft together:

• Passive Voice Check: 

example : "Water droplets bend the light" to "Light is bent by water droplets" to make it sound more objective and formal.

1. ....................................................

2. ....................................................

3. ext